Myricanol

Myricanol is a diarylheptanoid and a Nampt activator. Myricanol exerts anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by increasing Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and PRDX5 activities while regulating inflammatory factors. Myricanol exhibits growth inhibition and induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Myricanol promotes autophagy-mediated clearance of microtubule-associated protein tau to exert neuroprotective effects. Myricanol protects cardiovascular function by inhibiting PDGFRβ and NF-κB signaling pathways. Myricanol activates mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression to exert anti-renal fibrosis effects. Myricanol improves insulin resistance through AMPK activation^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}. In Vitro:Myricanol (0.01-150 μM ,1-72 h) effectively reduces tau levels in HEK293T cells with IC₅₀ of approximately 18.56 μM and mouse acute ex vivo brain tissues (100 and 150 μM) through activation of autophagy^[1].
Myricanol (0-10 μM, 24 h) significantly reverses the reduction in mitochondrial content and functional impairment induced by Dexamethasone (DEX) (HY-14648), and promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis to protect C2C12 myotubes through activating sirtuin 1^[2].
Myricanol (1.25-5 μmol/L, 24 h) decreases lipid accumulation and enhances mitochondrial function in Palmitic acid (PA) (HY-N0830)-treated C2C12 myotubes and protects C2C12 myotubes against insulin resistance, and increases irisin production and secretion in C2C12 myotubes, which in turn induces the browning of adipocytes^[3].
Myricanol (5-20 μM) inhibits renal fibrosis by invigorated TFAM and ameliorate the interaction between ZNRF1 and LCN2 and aggravates ferroptosis in TGF-β1-induced HK2 cells^[4].
MY (2.5-10 μM) protects C2C12 myotubes against oxidative damage treated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and improves mitochondrial biogenesis and function through targeting PRDX5^[5].
Myricanol (3-30 μM, 24.5 h) inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by platelet derived growth factor-BB by inhibiting the activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor pathway and NF-κB p65 translocation^[6].
Myricanol (5-40 μM, 24 h) targets Nampt in C2C12 cells, which involved in the insulin sensitizing effect^[7].
Myricanol (1.56-50 μg/mL, 48 h-10 d) inhibits A549 cells proliferation (IC₅₀ = 4.85 μg/mL) and clonogenic formation and induces apoptosis^[8]. In Vivo:Myricanol (5-50 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 10 days) prevents Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and weakness in mice by activating SIRT1^[2].
Myricanol (0.5-2.5 mg/mL, dissolved in PEG 400 (HY-Y0873A) solution, i.p., once daily for 18 weeks) retards fat mass gain and improves lipid profiles and improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice^[3].
Myricanol (0.5-2 mg/mL, i.p., once daily for 1 weeks) efficiently improves renal function and suppresses fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice^[4].
Myricanol (10-50 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 20 days) protects aged mice against muscle wasting through alleviating oxidative damage in mitochondria and identify the direct protein target and its underlying mechanism^[5].
Myricanol (5 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 14 days) significantly diminishes the neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation^[6].