Etoposide

Etoposide (VP-16; VP-16-213) is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, thus stopping DNA replication. Etoposide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy^[1]. In Vitro: Etoposide is capable of causing cytotoxicity on pancreatic β-cells by inducing apoptosis through the JNK/ERK-mediated GSK-3 downstream-triggered mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway in RIN-m5F cells^[1].
Etoposide and Anti-Human VEGF significantly abolish P1 sphere-forming ability, an effect associated with apoptosis of this subset of cells^[2].
Etoposide phosphate (0-1μM; 72 hours) inhibits HCT116 FBXW^+/+, FBXW^-/- and p53^-/- as a dose-dependent manner, exhibits IC₅₀s of 0.945 μM; 0.375 μM; and 1.437 μM, respectively^[5].
Etoposide (25 μM; 6 hours) delays p53 recover in FBXW7-deficient cells. In addition, FBXW7 expression is disappeared in FBXW7^-/- cells^[5].
In Vivo: Etoposide (50 μM) and Anti-Human VEGF-treated hypoxic cells injected intravenously into immunodeficient mice reveals a reduced capacity to induce lung colonies, which also appear with a longer latency period^[2]. Etoposide (10 mg/kg/day, i.v.) with NSC 109724 and NSC 241240, reduces the tumor volume in the hepatoblastoma cell injected NMRI nude mice^[3].