Diazinon

Diazinon is an orally active, irreversible AChE inhibitor and insecticide that can be absorbed through the digestive system, skin or respiratory tract. Diazinon inhibits AChE, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine, which in turn overstimulates ACh receptors and affects the nervous system. Diazinon also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)， which induce oxidative stress in various tissues. Diazinon is mainly used in the agricultural field as an insecticide and may have potential effects on human and animal health^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Diazinon (10-50 μM; 0.5-48 h) inhibited the cell viability of BRL-3A cells and spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) in a dose- and time-dependent manner^1]. Diazinon (10-50μM; 0.5-24 h) caused increased ROS generation and elevated O2- levels in BRL-3A cells, and enhanced TBARS formation, indicating increased lipid peroxidation^1]. Diazinon (10-50 μM; 48 h) induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of SMC cells^1]. Diazinon (0.125-2 μM; 90 min) affected the swimming behavior of Daphnia pulex in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, resulting in significant changes in the cumulative swimming distance and angle change. The higher the concentration, the smaller the cumulative swimming distance^[2]. Diazinon (0.0625-0.5 μM; 50-90 min) combined with 0.5 μM 4-nonylphenol enhanced the toxic effects on the swimming behavior of Daphnia pulex^[2]. In Vivo:Diazinon (10-30 mg/kg; gavage; daily; 8 weeks) caused a dose-dependent decrease in renal reduced glutathione in rats and exacerbated renal damage^[3]. Diazinon (2 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; 5 times a week; 28 days) caused obvious histopathological changes in the thymus and spleen of mice, suppressed the humoral and cellular activities of the mouse immune system, and inhibited erythrocyte cholinesterase^[4].