Lixisenatide

Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. IC50 & Target:GLP-1 receptor^[1][2]. In Vitro:Lixisenatide (100 μM, 24 h) inhibits the Aβ25-35 (HY-P0128)-induced cytotoxicity on cultured hippocampal cells. ^[1].
Lixisenatide (100 μM, 24 h) relieves the Aβ25-35-induced suppression of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway on cultured hippocampal cells ^[1].
Lixisenatide (10-20 μM, 48 h) ameliorates IL-1β-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) ^[3].
Lixisenatide (10-20 μM, 48 h) reduces IL-1β-induced expression of MMPs and inhibits activation of proinflammatory pathways by IL-1β in FLSs^[3].
Lixisenatide (10-20 μM, 6 h) reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced generation of ROS in HUVECs^[5].
In Vivo:Lixisenatide (10 μg/kg, Subcutaneous injection, once a day for a month) diminishes the atherosclerosis burden and systemic inflammation in Apoe^−/− Irs^2+/− mice^[2].
Lixisenatide (1 nmol/kg, Intraperitoneal injection, once a day for 14 days) shows renoprotective effects on experimental early diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats ^[4].
Lixisenatide (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 10 weeks) improves cognitive ability in APP/PS1 mice^[6].