Indoprofen

Indoprofen ((±)-Indoprofe) activates AKT-AMPK signaling pathway, inhibits NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Indoprofen exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Indoprofen is orally active^[1][2]. In Vitro:Indoprofen (1-200 μM, 48 h) promotes PGC-1α expression, induces the formation of Myh-positive myotubes, inhibits Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced myotube atrophy and restores Myh protein level^[1].
Indoprofen (1-200 μM, 48 h) enhances the oxidative metabolism capacity of muscles by regulating the expression of oxidative metabolism related proteins^[1].
Indoprofen (7.5-20 μM, 12 h) reduces rhHMGB1-induced production of inflammatory factor (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2), and reduces the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and RAGE on the THP-1 cell surface^[2]. In Vivo:Indoprofen (2 mg/kg, po, once daily for 2-12 weeks) improves muscle mass and strength in mice, improves the muscle function in aged mice. Indoprofen prevents the reduction of myotube formation, and enhances fatigue resistance against Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced disuse muscle atrophy^[1].
Indoprofen (20-40 mg/kg, ip, single dose) reduces the inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by sepsis and improves the survival rate of septic mice^[2].