Rosiglitazone (sodium)

Rosiglitazone sodium is a potent and selective activator of PPARγ, with EC₅₀s of 30 nM, 100 nM and 60 nM for PPARγ1, PPARγ2, and PPARγ, respectively, and a K_d of appr 40 nM for PPARγ; Rosiglitazone sodium is also an modulator of TRP channels, inhibits TRP melastatin 2 (TRPM2), TRPM3 and activates TRP canonical 5 (TRPC5). IC50 & Target:EC50: 30 nM (PPARγ1), 100 nM (PPARγ2)^[1], 60 nM (PPARγ)^[2], appr 30 nM (TRPC5)^[4]
Kd: appr 40 nM (PPARγ)^[1]
IC50: appr 22.5 μM (TRPM2)^[4] In Vitro: Rosiglitazone sodium is a potent and selective activator of PPARγ, with EC₅₀s of 30 nM and 100 nM for PPARγ1 and PPARγ2, respectively, and a K_d of appr 40 nM for PPARγ. Rosiglitazone (BRL49653, 0.1, 1,10 μM) promotes differentiation of C3H10T1/2 stem cells to adipocytes^[1]. Rosiglitazone (Compound 6) activates PPARγ, with an EC₅₀ of 60 nM^[2]. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) activates PPARγ, which binds to NF-α1 promoter to activate gene transcription in neurons. Rosiglitazone (1 μM) also protects Neuro2A cells and hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress, and up-regulates BCL-2 expression in an NF-α1-dependent manner^[3]. Rosiglitazone completely inhibits TRPM3 with IC₅₀ values of 9.5 and 4.6 μM against nifedipine- and PregS-evoked activity, but such effects are not via PPARγ. Rosiglitazone inhibits TRPM2 at higher concentration, with an IC₅₀ of appr 22.5 μM. Rosiglitazone is a strong stimulator of TRPC5 channels, with an EC₅₀ of ∼30 μM^[4]. In Vivo: Rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) decreases the serum glucose in diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also decreases IL-6, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 levels in diabetic group. Rosiglitazone in combination with losartan increases glucose compared to diabetic and Los-treated groups. Rosiglitazone significantly ameliorates endothelial dysfunction indicated by a significantly lower contractile response to PE and Ang II and enhancement of ACh-provoked relaxation in aortas isolated from diabetic rats^[5].