Moroxydine (hydrochloride)

Moroxydine (ABOB) hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum agent with multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza virus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, measles, mumps disease, hepatitis C virus, etc. Moroxydine hydrochloride exhibits excellent antiviral activity and shows low cytotoxicity to cells infected by dsRNA viruses (grass carp reovirus, GCRV) and large DNA viruses (giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV). Moroxydine hydrochloride blocks the GCRV-induced cytopathic effects and eliminates nucleocapsids in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells to keep the normal morphological structure. Moroxydine hydrochloride significantly inhibits the apoptosis, the caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and down-regulates Bcl-2 levels^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:

Moroxydine hydrochloride (1-100 μg/mL, 24-96 h) shows protective effects against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells (TC₅₀ = 1246.0 μg/mL, SC = 218.5 μg/mL) and grass carp ovary (GCO) cells (TC₅₀ = 117.2 μg/mL, SC = 140.9 μg/mL)^[1][2].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (1-100 μg/mL, 24-96 h) shows protective effects against giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells, with a TC₅₀ of 1486.3 μg/mL and a safe concentration (SC) of 209.7 μg/mL^[2].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (40 μg/mL, 48-96 h) blocks the virus-induced CPE and cell death within 96 h and maintained the normal structure and nucleocapsids^[1].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (40 μg/mL, 48-96 h) significantly decreases the apoptosis in CIK cells (GCRV), GCO cells (GCRV) and EPC cells (GSIV)^[1][2].

Moroxydine (ABOB) hydrochloride (12-48 h) significantly inhibits the caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and down-regulates Bcl-2 at 48 h in CIK cells^[1].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (20 μg/mL, 12-72 h) shows time-dependent suppression of viral gene expression in CIK cells(GCRV), GCO cells (GCRV) and EPC cells (GSIV)^[1][2].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (20 μg/mL, 72 h) arrests cell cycle in the period of G1/S and G2/M of CIK cells^[3].

Moroxydine hydrochloride (3-7 days) inhibits the GCRV-induced upregulation of immune genes (IL-1β, IFN-I, TNF-α) in the kidney, liver, muscle and gill^[3].