Apomorphine (hydrochloride)

Apomorphine (hydrochloride) is a dopamine receptor agonist and a 20S proteasome activator. Apomorphine (hydrochloride) increases the activities of proteasome and IDE, promotes the degradation of intracellular Aβ, p-tau and p53, and reduces the levels of Aβ and p-tau in neurons. Apomorphine (hydrochloride) is applicable to research related to schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease^[1][2]. In Vitro:Apomorphine (hydrochloride) (10 μM; 24 h) does not alter APP expression, secreted Aβ40/42 levels, or γ-secretase activity in APP-transfected or control SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Apomorphine (hydrochloride) (10 μM; 2 h pre-incubation) promotes intracellular degradation of Aβ40 and Aβ42, and counteracts the inhibitory effect of MG132 on Aβ degradation in SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Apomorphine (hydrochloride) (2-10 μM; 2 h) increases 20S proteasome and IDE activity in SH-SY5Y cells, and partially restores proteasome activity inhibited by MG132^[2].
Apomorphine (hydrochloride) (5-30 μM; 24 h) protects SH-SY5Y cells from H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and attenuates H₂O₂-induced p53 protein elevation, with 10 μM being the most effective concentration^[2].
Apomorphine (hydrochloride) (5-20 μM; 24 h) significantly improves cell viability in H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cells, with 10 μM showing the strongest protective effect^[2]. In Vivo:Apomorphine (0.5-4.0 mg/kg; s.c.; single dose) induces dose-dependent climbing behaviour in B.K.W. mice, with peak efficacy at 1.5 mg/kg s.c., and reduced climbing at 2.0 mg/kg s.c. due to stereotyped biting interference^[1].
Apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg; s.c.; single dose)-induced climbing behaviour in B.K.W. mice is potentiated by serotonin antagonists and inhibited by serotonin agonists and neuroleptic agents, consistent with dopaminergic and serotonergic modulation of the response^[1].
Apomorphine (5-10 mg/kg; s.c.; once weekly; 1 month) significantly improves short-term memory function and reduces intraneuronal Aβ, p-tau, p53, and HO-1 levels in 3xTg-AD mice, with greater efficacy observed at the 5 mg/kg dose^[2].