Spermine (tetrahydrochloride)

Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro:Spermine tetrahydrochloride (10-50 mM) increases the concentration of NO in platelets and inhibits the expression of CD62p concentration-dependently^[2].
Spermine (10 μg/well, when added up to 29 h after inception of culture) can inhibit the bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056) in BALB/c spleen cells^[3].
Spermine (5-10 μg/well, when added within 22 h after inception of culture) can completely inhibit concanavalin A (HY-P2149) in BALB/c spleen cells^[3].
Spermine (40-100 μg/mL, 5 d) has ID₅₀ of 25 μg/mL and 35 μg/mL in H.E.L. cells and H.Ep.2 cells, respectively^[4].
Spermine (0.5 mM) shows 50% inhibition of peroxidation reaction in brain phospholipid liposomes^[5]. In Vivo:Spermine (50-250 nM, intrastriatally) produces severe cell loss and degeneration as well as neuronal damage around the site of injection^[6].