Novobiocin

Novobiocin (Albamycin) is a potent and orally active antibiotic. Novobiocin also is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist. Novobiocin has the potential for the research of highly beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal infections. Novobiocin shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity^{[1][2][3][4][6]}. In Vitro: Novobiocin (1 mM) competitively inhibits ATP binding to gyrase B to interfere with nucleotide binding and interferes with the association of the co-chaperones Hsc70 and p23 with Hsp90^[1].
Novobiocin (200 µM; 24 h) inhibits the rate of repair of both cis-DDP and BCNU induced DNA interstrand cross-links and with a corresponding decrease in the clonogenic survival of the human glioblastoma multiforme cells^[2].
Novobiocin (0.3 mM; 48 hours) induces a caspase-3/7 enzyme–dependent apoptosis assays with an induction of approximately three- to fivefold of apoptotic cells in K562, HL60, Mutz-2^[5]. In Vivo: Novobiocin (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg; s.c.; 4 times at 1, 5, 24 and 48 h after infection) shows anti-infection activity in mice infected with amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae^[3].