Gluconate (Calcium)

Gluconate (D-Gluconic acid) Calcium is an orally active glucose derivative. Gluconate Calcium reduces nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Gluconate Calcium inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Gluconate Calcium has antioxidant and antiplatelet activation activities. Gluconate Calcium has antitumor activity against colorectal cancer. Gluconate Calcium improves osteoarthritis, intestinal damage and acute lung injury^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}. In Vitro:Gluconate Calcium (0.5-3 mM; 5 min) inhibits thrombin-induced arachidonic acid peroxidation and superoxide anion production in platelets, reduces platelet protein oxidation/nitration, and decreases carbonyl group generation, thiol oxidation, and nitrotyrosine formation^[1].
In Vivo:Gluconate Calcium (50 g/kg of basal diet; orally; 33 weeks) increases the cecal butyrate concentration in rats and reduces the tumor incidence and the average number of tumors in rats with induced colorectal cancer^[2].
Gluconate Calcium (50 mg/kg body weight; once a day for 5 weeks) regulates the changes in hematological parameters induced by Dimethylhydrazine (HY-W460407) in mice, reduces the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) in colon tissues, and improves the pathological changes of colon tissues^[3].
Gluconate sodium (2500 ppm; in diet; p.o.; 15 days) increases the average daily gain of weaned piglets, reduces the feed-to-gain ratio, alleviates the intestinal injury induced by recombinant Escherichia coli, and improves the intestinal morphology^[4].
Gluconate sodium (Calcium gluconate; 50 mg/kg; p.o.; 84 days) alleviates the symptoms of osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats, and inhibits joint stiffness and cartilage damage^[5].
Gluconate sodium (Calcium gluconate; 12.5-50 mg/kg; i.p.; 30 min after modeling) alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice, and inhibits the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines^[6].