Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (tetrasodium)

Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (OXi-4503) tetrasodium, a prodrug of Combretastatin A-1, is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through tubulin depolymerization mediated AKT deactivation. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate tetrasodium exhibits anti-tumor and anti-vascular effects^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target: Microtubule/Tubulin^[1] In Vitro: Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (72 h) inhibits the growth of various tumor cell lines in vitro, including HepG2, SMMC-7721, Hepa 1-6, LM-3, Bel-7402, Huh7, BGC-803, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A375, NCI-1975, CT-26, HT-29, A549 cells (IC₅₀=9.2, 12.8, 32.9, 33.8, 38.4, 728.2, 12.2, 17.6, 46.0, 61.0, 256.3, 1075.0, 2082.0, 2247.0 nM, respectively)^[2].
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (1-10 nM; 24 h) induces apoptosis by microtubule depolymerization-induced AKT inactivation and the removal of GSK-3β inhibition in HepG2 cells^[2].
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (1-50?nM; 6 h) decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HepG2 cells. Combretastatin A-1 shows dose-dependently ROS accumulation in HepG2 cells^[2]. In Vivo: Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (1-4?mg/kg; i.v. every other day for 4 weeks) significantly reduces the tumor volume in HepG2 subcutaneous xenograft model^[2].
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (2 mg/kg; every other day for 21 days) shows enhanced apoptosis in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model^[2].