Paradol

Paradol is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants. Paradol is an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis, binds to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 active site. IC50 & Target:COX-2^[1] In Vitro: Paradol ([6]-paradol) induces apoptosis in an oral squamous carcinoma cell line, KB, in a dose-dependent manner. Paradol induces apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism^[2]. In Vivo: Administration of Paradol (6-paradol) (10 mg/kg) clearly reduces the number of Iba1-positive cells 1 and 3 days after the challenge. Moreover, Paradol dramatically reduces the number of Iba1-postive cells in periischemic regions even after 3 days following M/R challenge^[3]. Paradol (6-paradol) exhibits the strongest anti-inflammatory effect of several paradol compounds in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia derived from a mouse brain, including 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-paradol. Furthermore, Paradol shows the strongest pungency of all of the known paradol analogues. Paradol also shows the highest contact time at the antiobesity site of action on the basis of the results shown for the absorption of the metabolites in this study^[4].