Isoflurane

Isoflurane is a volatile anaesthetic. Isoflurane diminishs the effect of ROS activity. Isoflurane suppresses respiration. Isoflurane enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence. Isoflurane protects against noise-induced hearing loss and tissue damage in mice. Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and modulates leukocyte infiltration^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Isoflurane (0.04-2000 μM) specifically inhibits complex I-coupled respiration in permeabilized thoracic tissues of *Drosophila melanogaster*, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 356 μM^[1]. In Vivo:Anesthesia with Isoflurane (1.2-1.5 vol%; inhalation; 3 h per day for 3 consecutive days) protects mice from noise-induced hearing loss and tissue damage, thereby reducing the severity of hearing threshold shifts and improving their reversibility, while increasing hair cell survival rate^[2].
Anesthesia with 1.2% Isoflurane (inhalation) significantly alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by improving renal function, reducing necrosis, and regulating inflammation and leukocyte infiltration^[3].
Isoflurane (2.8%-5%; inhalation; 2-50 min) enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence (1-2 min) in healthy female C57BL/6J mice^[4].