MSX3

MSX3 is an orally active, selective A_2a adenosine receptor antagonist and a prodrug of MSX2 (HY-117184). MSX3 reduces hyperphosphorylation of Tau at specific epitopes in mice without altering total Tau levels, Tau fragments, or Tau aggregation in these animals. MSX3 enhances spatial memory. MSX3 regulates effort-related decision-making behaviors. MSX3 reverses D₂ antagonist-induced suppression of lever pressing, increased Chow feed intake, reduced selection of high-barrier arms, and prolonged response latency, and also slightly attenuates effects induced by D₁ antagonists. MSX3 can be used in the research of Tauopathies (Alzheimer's disease-related), depression, and Parkinsonism^[1][2][3]. In Vivo:MSX3 (0.3 g/L; administered orally via drinking water; daily) normalizes spatial memory in THY-Tau22 mice and significantly reduces the hyperphosphorylation levels of Tau protein at the Ser262, Ser404 and Ser214 epitopes in the hippocampus^[1].
MSX3 (i.p.; single administration; 20 min before testing; 0.75-3.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reverses Haloperidol (HY-14538)-induced impairments in effort-related choice and response latency in rats, with the 3.0 mg/kg dose fully restoring T-maze performance to the level of the vehicle control group; administration of the 3.0 mg/kg dose alone exerts no significant effect on T-maze performance^[3].