Beauvericin

Beauvericin is a cyclohexapeptide Fusarium toxin with insecticidal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Beauvericin causes cellular genotoxicity by producing DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei, and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth of HCC. In addition, Beauvericin affects immune function by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and interfering with the differentiation process of human monocytes into macrophages^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}. In Vitro:Beauvericin (0-20 μM; 12, 24 and 36 h) has a strong antiproliferative activity against H22 hepatoma cells and promotes apoptosis of H22 hepatoma cells^[5].
Beauvericin (50 μM; 72 h) induces apoptosis in turkey peripheral mononuclear cells^[6].
Beauvericin (0.3-100 µM) reversibly inhibits L-type voltage-dependent Ca₂₊ current (I_Ca,L) in NG108-15 neuronal cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 4 µM^[7].
Beauvericin has IC₅₀ values ​​of 1.0 µM, 2.9 µM, and 2.5 µM for immature dendritic cells, mature dendritic cells, and macrophages, respectively^[8].
Beauvericin (1.6 and 2.4 µM; 2 d) reduces CCR7 expression and increases IL-10 secretion in maturing dendritic cells^[8].
Beauvericin is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A1/2 in rat liver microsomes (IC₅₀=1.3 mM)^[9].
In Vivo:Beauvericin (5 mg/kg; i.p.; after the first dosing cycle, observe for two days and continue the second dosing cycle) reduces tumor volume and increases necrosis in allogeneic transplant model mice^[3].
Beauvericin (3, 5, 7 mg/kg; i.p.; once a week for three weeks) can significantly inhibit the growth of H22 allogeneic transplant model mice and increase the levels of TNF-α and IL-2 in mice^[5].