Nicotinamide (hydrochloride)

Nicotinamide hydrochloride is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Nicotinamide hydrochloride also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide hydrochloride increases cellular NAD₊, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide hydrochloride inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide hydrochloride also has anti-HBV activity^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: Nicotinamide hydrochloride (0-50 mM, 24/48 h ) reduces cell number in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (10-50 mM, 24 h ) makes A375 cells undergo accumulation in G1 phase, reduction in S phase, and increase inthe sub-G1 (apoptosis) phase^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (1-50 mM, 6 h ) increases NAD₊, ATP and ROS levels in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (0.01-20 mM, 1 h) inhibits purified SIRT2 enzymatic activity in vitro with an EC₅₀ of 2 μM^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (0-64 mM) inhibits HBV replication in HepAD38 and HepG2.2.15 cells^[3].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (10 mM, on day 13) promotes pancreatic cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through CK1 and ROCK inhibition^[4]. In Vivo: Nicotinamide hydrochloride (Intraperitoneal injection, 1500 and 1800 mg/Kg, 5 days per week) inhibits tumor growth in murine metastatic melanoma model^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (Intraperitoneal injection, 1800 mg/Kg, once a day, murine metastatic melanoma model) affects IFN-γ (a key mediator of cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity), increases the plasma levels of Eotaxin and IL-5, reduces the plasma levels of IL-3, IL-12, RANTES and IL-10^[1].
Nicotinamide hydrochloride (vein injection, 0-200 mg/kg, 5 days) inhibits HBV replication in HBV-transgenic mice^[3].