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Tyloxapol


CAS No. : 25301-02-4

25301-02-4
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Cat. No. : HY-B1068
M.Wt: 1000.00
Formula: (C15H21O(C2H4O)m)n
Purity: >98 %
Solubility: H2O : 120 mg/mL (ultrasonic);DMSO : ≥ 38 mg/mL;Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)
Introduction of 25301-02-4 :

Tyloxapol is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type, used as a surface active stabilizer. Tyloxapol is used to induce hyperlipidemia in animals[1][2]. In Vitro:Tyloxapol (100 μg/mL) triggers the detachment of HEK293 cells[2].
Tyloxapol induces nuclear fragmentation and the appearance of apoptotic nuclei[2].
Tyloxapol increases the risk of pulmonary haemorrhage, causes cytotoxicity in epithelial and red blood cells, and induces lysis of human Jurkat T-lymphoblasts[2].
In Vivo:Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339, 50 mg/kg) causes significant decreases in the activities of the AChE and MAO enzymes in rat plasma and brain[1].
Tyloxapol leads to significant reduction in the plasma urea, creatinine, and bilirubin[1].

Tyloxapol can be used in animal modeling to construct models of Hyperlipidemia[1][2][3].
Induction of hyperlipemia.
Background
Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high levels of plasma triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, accompanied by reduced HDL-cholesterol levels. Tyloxapol increases plasma cholesterol (Chol) levels by promoting hepatic Chol synthesis, particularly via increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. In addition, Tyloxapol directly disturbs lipolytic enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of plasma lipids, such as lipoprotein lipases, thus blocking the uptake of lipids from circulation to extra-hepatic tissues, resulting in increased blood lipid concentration.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rats: Wistar• male• weighing 300-360 g[1].
Administration: 400 mg/kg• i.p.• a single dose for 24 h[1].
Rats: Wistar-Imamichi• male• weighing 230-270 g[2].
Administration: 400 mg/kg• i.v. through a tail vein• a single dose for 24 h[2].
Rats: Wistar• male• 11-12 weeks of age• weighing 180-200 g[3].
Administration: 50 mg/kg• i.p.• every other day for 28 days[3].
Note
(1) Before administration, animals were housed at 22±2°C, under a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle, with 60% relative humidity, and received water and food ad libitum[1][2].
(2) Tyloxapol was dissolved in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4). Twenty-four hours after administration, blood, liver, kidney, and forebrain tissues samples were collected for the comet assay. Bone marrow samples of from femurs were collected to perform the micronucleus assay[1].
(3) At the end of the 28th day of the experimental period, all animals of each group were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected from anesthetized rats in test tubes containing heparin as an anticoagulant and placed immediately on ice[3].
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: Tyloxapol increased the levels of Chol, triglycerides (TG), glucose, albumin, creatinine and urea. Tyloxapol had high DNA damage in peripheral blood, liver and kidney[1][2].
Histological analysis: Hepatocytic damage was manifested by obvious fat vacuolation, the hepatic veins were dilated and congested with blood. Furthermore, the hepatocytic cells were necrosed and abnormal localization and infiltration of hepatocytic nuclei were showed[3].
Opposite Product(s): Simvastatin (HY-17502); ML-236B (HY-17408); Soybean oil (HY-108750)

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