Butylhydroxyanisole

Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole) is an antioxidant used as a food additive preservative. Butylhydroxyanisole mediates liver toxicity, retardation in reproductive organ development and learning, and sleep deficit. Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects and leads to disruption of the brain and nerve development^[1][2][3]. Butylhydroxyanisole is a ferroptosis inducer^[4]. In Vitro: Butylhydroxyanisole exerts neurotoxic effects by promoting cytosolic calcium accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in astrocytes^[1].
Butylhydroxyanisole (25-100 μM; 48 hours) inhibits growth and induces death in human astrocytes^[1].
Butylhydroxyanisole (100 μM; 48 hours) decreases the expression of cell-cycle-related proteins and increased the expression of the cell cycle inhibitory protein^[1].
Butylhydroxyanisole (100 μM; 48 hours) mediates apoptotic signals in NHA-SV40LT Cells^[1].
Butylhydroxyanisole also increases the cytosolic calcium level and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins^[1].
Butylhydroxyanisole induces testicular dysfunction in mouse testis cells by dysregulating calcium homeostasis and stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress^[2].
In Vivo: Butylhydroxyanisole (200 mg/kg; i.g.; daily; for three days) induces distinct expression patterns of Nrf2 and detoxification enzymes in the liver and small intestine of C57BL/6 mice^[3].