Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis^[1][2]. In Vitro:Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (0.5-5 μg/mL, 3-24 h) induces a dose- and time-dependent increase in paracellular permeability of immortalized airway epithelial cells^[4].
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (5 μg/mL, 24 h) does not have cytotoxicity to 16HBE14o- cells^[4].
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (5 μg/mL, 6 h) induces disruption of epithelial apical junctional complexes (AJCs) and tight junctions (TJs) in 16HBE14o- cells^[4]. In Vivo:Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (2.5-10 mg/mL, Stereotaxic injection, single dose) induces a sustained inflammatory reaction in the substantia nigra (SN) and in the dorsolateral striatum^[2].
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (10 μg/mouse, Intraperitoneal injection, single dose) decreases lung tumor growth in mice^[3].
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (1.25 mg/kg, Intraperitoneal injection, single dose) exerts therapeutic effects against cerebral I/R injury through the downregulation of TLR4/MyD88 signaling via TLR3 in MCAO model mice^[5].