Gardenoside

Gardenoside is an orally active natural compound found in Gardenia fruits. Gardenoside reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gardenoside can be used for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective study^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Gardenoside (10-20 μM, 24 h) can decrease the lipid droplets in HepG2 cells cultured with Palmitic acid (PA) (HY-N0830) and Oleic acid (OA) (HY-N1446)^[2].
Gardenoside (10-20 μM, 24 h) decreases TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βinduced by free fatty acids (FFAs) in HepG2 cells^[2].
Gardenoside (10 μM) suppress the IL-1β-induced inflammatory reaction and ROS level in chondrocytes^[3].
Gardenoside (10 μM) protects chondrocyte via inhibiting NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathways in chondrocytes^[3].
In Vivo:Gardenoside (300 μM; p.o.; daily for 14 d) reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and the P2X7 expression on the ischiadic nerve in Sprague Dawley rats^[1].
Gardenoside (1 mg/kg; Intra-articular injections; daily for one week, then once every three days for another three weeks) attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) progression in rats^[3].