Farrerol

Farrerol is a bioactive constituent of Rhododendron, with broad activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro: Farrerol observably reduces the production of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells via suppressing AKT, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation^[1].
Farrerol attenuates β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in a microglia cell line^[2].
Farrerol inhibits angiogenesis through Akt/mTOR, Erk and Jak2/Stat3 signal pathway^[3].
Farrerol overcomes the invasiveness of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of inducers of epithelial mesenchymal transition^[4].
Farrerol ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via activation of Nrf2 and autophagy^[6].
In Vivo: Farrerol protects dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056)-induced Parkinson's disease by suppressing the activation of the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways^[5].