(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid

(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (trans-10,cis-12 CLA2) is an orally active PPARα activator and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid and its downstream metabolites have various antioxidant and antitumor activities. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid can induce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which would lead to decreased adipogenesis and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid can affect many aspects of milk fat synthesis. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid reduces expression of lipogenic enzymes and inhibits the desaturation of fatty acids. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid can reduce lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhance triacylglycerol release from these cells. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid decreases the expression of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desatyrase mRNA in mice. (10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid is associated with changes in mucosal NF-κB and Cyclin D1 protein levels in mice^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}. In Vitro:(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (Compound trans-10, cis-12) (43.6 μM, 48 h) significantly reduces LPL activity, intracellular triacylglycerol and glycerol whist the glycerol release is significantly enhanced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes^[5]. In Vivo:(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (Compound trans-10, cis-12) decreases body fat and increases lean body mass in different animal models^[4].
(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (10 g/d, i.v. infusion, 5 d) leads to a linear decrease in milk fat synthesis until reaching a steady state after 3 days in dairy cows^[4].
(10E,12Z)-Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (1 g/100 g, added to diet, 8 w) significantly reduces the NF-κB levels in the nuclear fraction of the mucosa and significantly elevates the cyclin D1 levels in C57BL/6J Min mice^[6].