(R)-(+)-Citronellal

(R)-(+)-Citronellal ((+)-Citronellal) is a monoterpenoid compound and is one of the main components of essential oils from plants such as lemon grass. (R)-(+)-Citronellal has antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. (R)-(+)-Citronellal alleviates the bitterness of caffeine by antagonizing the bitter taste receptors Tas2r43 (IC₅₀ = 84 μM) and Tas2R46. (R)-(+)-Citronellal generates analgesic activity by activating the opioid receptor (broad-spectrum opioid receptor) pathway, and its effect is particularly significant for inflammatory pain^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:(R)-(+)-Citronellal (0.5-1024 μg/mL, 48 h) acts on the cell wall and cell membrane of the fungus, and exhibits antibacterial activity against Candida albicans^[1].
(R)-(+)-Citronellal (1-512 μg/mL, 24 h) has a bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but is ineffective against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli^[2].
(R)-(+)-Citronellal (24 h) has insecticidal activity against Ae. albopictus larvae (LC₅₀ ranging from 384.81 to 395.09 ppm) and adult mosquito (LD₅₀ ranging from 133.059 to 218.962 μg/cm²)^[2].
In Vivo:(R)-(+)-Citronellal (50-150 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) exhibits clear analgesic activity in the body, especially showing significant effects on inflammatory pain, and at higher doses, it is also effective for acute neurogenic pain^[4].