[6]-Gingerol

[6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. IC50 & Target:AMPK^[2] In Vitro: [6]-gingerol inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, while the normal colon cells are unaffected. [6]-gingerol down-regulates phorbol myristate acetate induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAP kinases and activation of AP-1 transcription factor, but has only little effects on phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and activation of NF-kappa B^[1]. [6]-gingerol treatment is shown to restore impaired intestinal barrier function and to suppress proinflammatory responses in DSS-treated Caco-2 monolayers. AMPK is activated on [6]-gingerol treatment^[2]. Treatment with [6]-gingerol results in a significant decrease in the viability of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent fashion. In parallel, the number of cells arrested at the sub-G1 cell cycle phase is significantly increased. [6]-gingerol induces activation of caspase cascades and regulates cellular levels of Bcl2 and Bax^[3]. In Vivo: In animal studies, [6]-gingerol significantly ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by restoration of body weight loss, reduction in intestinal bleeding, and prevention of colon length shortening. In addition, [6]-gingerol suppresses DSS-elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-12)^[2].