Swertianolin

Swertianolin is a xanthone glycoside. Swertianolin can be isolated from plants of the Gentianaceae family (e.g., Gentiana campestris and Swertia punicea). Swertianolin inhibits p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, and reduces NO and ROS production. Swertianolin exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with an IC₅₀ of 6.1 μM and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 91.7 μM. Swertianolin modulates immune function in sepsis. Swertianolin is useful in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, and sepsis^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. In Vitro:Swertianolin (1.6-25 μg/mL; 8 days) suppresses the expression of HBeAg in HepG₂ cells with an IC₅₀ of 8.0 μg/mL^[2].
Swertianolin (12.5-200 μM; 24-72 h) significantly reduces the secretion of IL-10, NO, ROS, and arginase in MDSCs, inhibits MDSC proliferation, promotes their differentiation into dendritic cells, and improves T-cell activity by blocking the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs^[3].
Swertianolin exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with an IC₅₀ of 6.1 μM and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 91.7 μM^[4].
In Vivo:Swertianolin (12.5 μg/kg; i.p.; 7 days) reduces the number of MDSCs in the marrow and spleen, increases CD4₊ T cells in the spleen, decreases immunosuppressive factors, reduces lung damage, and improves the survival rate of septic mice with secondary Legionella pneumophila infection by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation^[5].