Triallate

Triallate is a selective thiocarbamate herbicide. Triallate regulates the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids and inhibits the elongation and division of plant cells. Triallate is used to control wild oats in barley, spring wheat, durum wheat, winter wheat and sugar beets^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]}. In Vitro:Triallate (12.5-400 μM; 24 h) induces moderate, dose-dependent cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells with an IC₅₀ >200 μM after 24 h of exposure, as measured by reduced mitochondrial activity in the MTT assay^[3].
Triallate (12.5-50 μM; 24 h) induces significant intracellular ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells at 50 μM after 24 h of exposure^[3].
Triallate (12-22 ppm; 48 h) inhibits root growth of oat (Avena sativa, cultivar Curt) seedlings with a IC₅₀ of 22 ppm and shoot growth with a IC₅₀ of 12 ppm after 48 h of incubation^[5].
Triallate (1-50 mg/L; 6 days) reduces primary root growth in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Saxa, Pisum sativum cv. Kleine Rheinländerin, and Vicia faba cv. Dreifachweisse seedlings^[6].
Triallate (4-256 ppm; 3 days vapor exposure) reduces mitotic division rate and induces dose-dependent mitotic abnormalities in stem apex + leaf meristematic tissue of wild oat seedlings, with 30 abnormalities per 500 nuclei at 256 ppm^[7].
Triallate (64-4000 ppm; 3 days vapor exposure) reduces mitotic division rate and induces low levels of dose-dependent mitotic abnormalities in stem apex + leaf meristematic tissue of Pembina spring wheat seedlings, with 4 abnormalities per 1000 cells at 4000 ppm^[7].
Triallate (16-64 ppm; 7 days vapor exposure) reduces mitotic division rate by over 50% in Avena fatua (wild oat) shoots at 16 ppm, but does not affect mitotic activity in wheat shoots at concentrations up to 64 ppm^[7]. In Vivo:Triallate (312.5-2500 mg/kg; p.o.; 2 doses; 42 days observation) causes transient, dose-dependent weight loss and clinical neurological signs in hens, but does not induce delayed neurotoxicity or associated histopathological nerve lesions^[1].
Triallate (5 mg/kg; p.o.; 3 times per week; 43 days) administered to mature Polypay ewes disrupts metabolic and reproductive endocrine function, including reducing serum thyroxine, increasing serum insulin and basal LH, and increasing left oviductal intraepithelial cyst severity, without causing overt toxicity or weight changes^[2].
Triallate (8-40 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) inhibits mouse liver mitochondrial low-K_m ALDH activity by 37% at an i.p. dose of 8 mg/kg and elevates ethanol-dependent acetaldehyde levels to 200 μM in blood and 1.5 ppm in brain at an i.p. dose of 40 mg/kg^[4].