Tribuloside

Tribuloside is a flavonoid and PDE4 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 6 μM). Tribuloside exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant activities, capable of scavenging DPPH free radicals. Tribuloside also promotes melanogenesis. Tribuloside can be used in the research of hypopigmentary diseases, sun protection, and inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Tribuloside exhibits antimycobacterial activity against non-pathogenic Mycobacterium madagascariense and Mycobacterium indicus pranii with MIC values of 0.8-1.6 mg/mL^[1].
Tribuloside (0-20 μM; 48 h) significantly increases melanogenesis, promotes dendrite formation, and enhances melanosome maturation and transport in human epidermal melanocytes, which is associated with the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway^[2].
Tribuloside (0-20 μM; 0-48 h) upregulates the expression of proteins related to melanogenesis and melanosome transport in human epidermal melanocytes^[2]. In Vivo:Tribuloside (5-20 μM; dissolved in embryo medium; single addition; 35-60 h) reverses hypopigmentation and increases melanin content in zebrafish embryo depigmentation models induced by 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea^[2].
Tribuloside (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; single dose) improves LPS (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury in mice^[3].