Finafloxacin

Finafloxacin is an orally active fourth-generation fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic. Finafloxacin exhibits stronger antibacterial activity in acidic pH environments and is not easily affected by bacterial multidrug efflux transporters. Finafloxacin is effective against a variety of extracellular pathogenic bacteria, and can also accumulate in macrophages, showing excellent antibacterial activity against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and other pathogens. Finafloxacin has been approved by the U.S. FDA for research on acute otitis externa mediated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finafloxacin is also used in studies related to diseases such as melioidosis, inhalational tularemia, and inhalational plague^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: Finafloxacin (24 h; 48 h) inhibits growth of extracellular MSSA, CA-MRSA, HA-MRSA, VISA, L. monocytogenes, and L. pneumophila with MICs ranging from 0.01 mg/L (against L. pneumophila) to 16 mg/L (against a ciprofloxacin-resistant HA-MRSA isolate), and shows reduced susceptibility to NorA and Lde efflux mechanisms compared to ciprofloxacin^[1].
Finafloxacin is bactericidal against intracellular L. monocytogenes in human THP-1 macrophages at neutral pH, but is less potent than ciprofloxacin^[1]. In Vivo: Finafloxacin (23.1 mg/kg; p.o.; every 8 h; 3-7 days) provides 100% survival when administered starting 24 h post inhalational F. tularensis challenge, and 50% survival when administered for 7 days starting 72 h postchallenge, with improved time to death compared to ciprofloxacin in the 3-day delayed regimen^[3].
Finafloxacin (23.1 mg/kg; p.o.; every 8 h; 3-7 days) provides 100% survival when administered starting 24 h post inhalational Y. pestis challenge, and 80% to 100% survival when administered starting 38 h postchallenge^[3].