Salcaprozate (sodium)

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter, and has the potential as a delivery agent for oral forms of heparin and insulin. Salcaprozate sodium could increase passive transcellular permeation across small intestinal epithelia based on increased lipophilicity arising from non-covalent macromolecule complexation^[1][2]. In Vitro: SNAC (12.5-400 μg/mL; 24 h) has no toxicity to Caco-2 cells, and the survival percentage is above 90% when SNAC is 200 μg/mL^[3].
SNAC (50 and 200 μg/mL) improves the apparent permeability coeffcient (Papp) of RA and SA-B by 2.14-fold and 3.68-fold compared with the Papp of SAs solution^[3]. In Vivo: SNAC improves the oral absorption of both R1 and SAs and enhances bioavailability in rats^[3].
SNAC (2000 mg/kg/d; oral gavage for 13 weeks) related mortality is evident only at the 2000-mg/kg/d level, 20% among males and 50% among females; no clear cause of death is evident^[1].
SNAC (100-1000 mg/kg/d; oral gavage for 13 weeks) induces no mortality in the Wistar rat study at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/d^[1].