Spirotetramat

Spirotetramat (BY-108330) is an orally active Insecticide and lipid biosynthesis inhibitor. Spirotetramat regulates the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with short-term exposure increasing their activities and long-term exposure altering their activities. Spirotetramat induces the activity and mRNA expression of carboxylesterase (CarE). Spirotetramat induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in tadpoles. Spirotetramat is toxic to amphibian tadpoles and exhibits sublethal/non-lethal toxicity to amphibians. Spirotetramat causes death in immature psyllids, aphids, scale insects, mealybugs, whiteflies and thrips, and shows a high lethal rate against Cacopsylla pyri nymphs. Spirotetramat reduces the fecundity of Aphis gossypii. Spirotetramat induces tolerance in the offspring of exposed Aphis gossypii, and acts on Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus urticae^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Spirotetramat (0.48-120.0 mg AI liter^-1; 10 days) exhibits potent activity against Cacopsylla pyri nymphs from FE1, FE2, FE3, and FE4 populations, with LC₉₀ values ranging from 67.3 to 125.22 mg AI liter^-1, and no strong indications of resistance development (all RF₉₀ values <5)^[2].
Spirotetramat (3.75-1920 mg/L; 1-5 days) exhibits increasing toxicity to 4-day old Aphis gossypii with longer exposure, reaching an LC₅₀ of 12.3 mg/L after 5 days of exposure^[3].
Spirotetramat (8 days) reduces fecundity of 4-day old Aphis gossypii in a concentration-dependent manner, with the LC₇₅ concentration reducing offspring production to 6.7% of control levels on day 8 of exposure^[3].
Spirotetramat (53.9 mg/L; 5 days) significantly increases carboxylesterase activity in Aphis gossypii over 5 days, reaching 3361 ΔOD min^-1 mg^-1 on day 5^[3].
Spirotetramat (53.9 mg/L; 1-5 days) upregulates CarE-YS1 mRNA expression in Aphis gossypii in a time-dependent manner, reaching a 5.2-fold increase relative to control on day 5 of exposure^[3].
Spirotetramat (53.9 mg/L; 5 days) leads to offspring of Aphis gossypii whose parents were exposed showing a 2.5-fold increase in tolerance to spirotetramat, with an LC₅₀ of 28.4 mg/L compared to 11.6 mg/L in control offspring^[3]. In Vivo:Spirotetramat (4.00-8.00 mg/L; aquatic exposure; continuous; 96 h) exhibits moderate acute toxicity to Bufo bufo gargarizans tadpoles, with a 96 h LC₅₀ of 6.45 mg/L, and toxicity increases with higher concentrations and longer exposure times^[1].
Spirotetramat (0.03-3.23 mg/L; aquatic exposure; continuous; 4, 15, or 30 days) induces oxidative stress and alters lipid peroxidation in Bufo bufo gargarizans tadpoles, with GSH-Px activity being the most sensitive parameter, showing initial activation followed by prolonged inhibition^[1].