Daunorubicin (citrate)

Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) citrate is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin citrate inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin citrate is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin citrate is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin citrate can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor^[1][2][4][5]. IC50 & Target: Topoisomerase II^[1] In Vitro: Daunorubicin citrate (0-256 μg/mL, 30 min) inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells^[2].
Daunorubicin citrate (7 nM-1.9 μM, 72 h) shows chemosensitivity in Molt-4 cells and L3.6 cells^[3][4].
Daunorubicin citrate (0.4 μM, 48 h) induces apoptotic and necrosis in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin citrate (0.4 μM, 120 min) induces ROS generation in L3.6 cells^[4].
Daunorubicin citrate (2 μM, 24 h) induces autophagy in K562 cells (myeloid cell line)^[6].
In Vivo: Daunorubicin citrate (intravenous injection, 3 mg/kg, three times at 48 h intervals) produces cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats^[5].
Daunorubicin citrate (intraperitoneal injection, 10 mg/kg) induces sister chromatid exchanges in mice^[7].