Fasudil (hydrochloride semihydrate)

Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) hydrochloride semihydrate is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an K_i of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC₅₀s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate is also a potent Ca²⁺ channel antagonist and vasodilator^[1][2][3]. IC50 & Target:Ki: 0.33 μM (ROCK1)^[1]
IC50: 0.158 μM (ROCK2), 4.58 μM (PKA), 12.30 μM (PKC), 1.650 μM (PKG)^[1] In Vitro: Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (100 μM) inhibits cell spreading, the formation of stress fibers, and expression of α-SMA with concomitant suppression of cell growth in rat HSCs (hepatic stellate cells) and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells^[4].
Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (50-100 μM; 24 hours) inhibits the LPA (lysophoaphatidic acid)-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 detected by western blotting in rat HSCs and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells^[4].
Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (25-100 μM; 24 hours) suppresses transcription of collagen and TIMP, stimulates transcription of MMP-1 in human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells^[4]. In Vivo: Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (10 mg/kg; i.v.; 1 h before operation) exhibits protectable effects on cardiovascular disease and reduces the activation of JNK and attenuates mitochondrial-nuclear translocation of AIF under ischemic injury^[5].
Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (50 mg/kg/d; i.p.) inhibits acute and relapsing EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) induced by proteolipid protein PLP p139-151, reduces lymphocytes proliferation, results downregulation of interleukin (IL)-17 and a marked decrease of the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio^[6].
Fasudil hydrochloride semihydrate (100 mg/kg/d; p.o.) significantly reduces incidence and pathological examination score of EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) in SJL/J mice, decreases inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and APP positivein spinal cord in mice^[6].