Actein

Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces autophagy and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Actein (0-30 µM, 24 h) significantly suppress cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis of gastric cancer cells via Caspase-3 and p53 signaling pathway combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)^[1].
Actein (0-40 μM, 24 h) suppresses cell proliferation, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells^[2].
Actein (0-20 μM, 24 h) potentiates ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation and suppresses AKT pathway in BIU-87 and T24 cells^[2].
Actein (10 nM and 10 μM, 5-10 min) increases calcium release into the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and colon cancer cells^[3].
Actein (0-40 μg/mL, 48 h) inhibits the NF-κB and MEK pathways by decreasing the level of IKKβ protein in 293T (null) and 293T (NF-κB) cells^[3].