Levofloxacin (hydrochloride)

Levofloxacin hydrochloride is an orally active antibiotic. Levofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity, inducing Apoptosis. Levofloxacin hydrochloride has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Levofloxacin hydrochloride exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer. Levofloxacin hydrochloride has anti-acnegenic, anxiogenic, and analgesic effects. Levofloxacin hydrochloride shortens sleep duration in mice. Levofloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the research of infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis, chronic periodontitis, bacterial infections associated with stable COPD, and BK viremia) and lung cancer^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]}. In Vitro: Levofloxacin hydrochloride inhibits the growth of 18 drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with MICs ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 μg/mL and a MIC₅₀ of 0.5 μg/mL^[4].
Levofloxacin (24 h) hydrochloride exhibits strong bactericidal activity against biofilm-forming sessile cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa^[8].
Levofloxacin (50-200 μg/mL; 24-72 h) hydrochloride inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells (A549, H3255, NCL-69, H460) through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage^[9].
In Vivo: Levofloxacin (10.7 mg/kg; i.p., once daily for 10 days or 3 weeks) hydrochloride time-dependently induces toxic effects on liver and heart in albino mice^[3].
Levofloxacin (50-300 mg/kg; p.o. via esophageal cannula; six times weekly; 4 weeks) hydrochloride exerts dose-dependent anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity in female outbred Swiss mice^[4].
Levofloxacin (10-40 mg/kg, i.p.) hydrochloride exerts anxiogenic-like effect in rats and shortens Pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, exhibits analgesic activity in mice^[10].