D(+)-Raffinose (pentahydrate)

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate is an orally active inhibitor of LecA (K_d = 32 μM) and GtfC. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate reduces cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) by increased activity of a c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterase. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate interferes with GTF function. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate decreases IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate exhibits biofilm-inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans and inhibits allergic airway eosinophilia^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate (0-1000 μM, 14-24 h) inhibits biofilm formation and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14^[1].
D-(+)-raffinose pentahydrate (0-1000 μM, 24 h) suppresses biofilm formation, reduces insoluble glucan production, and downregulates gtfB and gtfC gene expression in Streptococcus mutans KCOM 1136^[2].
In Vivo:D(+)-Raffinose (50 ppm, p.o., daily for 3 weeks) pentahydrate alleviates allergen-induced airway eosinophilia and reduced IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels in lung tissue in Brown Norway rats^[3].
D(+)-Raffinose (0.5% solution, 0.1 ml, i.p., daily) pentahydrate significantly suppresses airway eosinophilia in Brown Norway rats^[3].