Pyraclostrobin

Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin can induce oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy through the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Pyraclostrobin can be used to control crop diseases^[1][2][3]. In Vitro:Pyraclostrobin (10-80 μmol/L, 24 h) exhibits toxic effects in HepG2 cells^[1].
Pyraclostrobin (10-80 μmol/L, 6 h) induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells^[1]. In Vivo:Pyraclostrobin (0.01-0.08 μmol/L, Zebrafish larvae were subjected to pyraclostrobin exposure persisting until 72 h post fertilization) results in hepatomegaly in zebrafish larvae^[1].
Pyraclostrobin (0.001-0.02 mg/L, Fish were assigned to a vessel containing 20 L of water dissolved Pyraclostrobin for 7-28 days) has the toxic effects on DNA damage and antioxidant enzymatic activities in the zebrafish liver^[2].
Pyraclostrobin (33-48 μg/L, Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were transferred into 24-well plates and subjected to pyraclostrobin until 8 dpf) has toxic effects on zebrafish larvae^[3].