Tizoxanide

Tizoxanide (TIZ) is the active metabolite of Nitazoxanide, which is a thiazolide anti-infective compound against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Tizoxanide (TIZ) has anti-HIV-1 activities and potent inhibition of both HBV and HCV replication with values EC₅₀ of 0.46μM and 0.15 μM, respectively. Tizoxanide also exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing of the activation of the NF-κB and the MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-treated macrophage cells^[1][3][4][5]. IC50 & Target:Tizoxanide (TIZ) has potent inhibition of both HBV and HCV replication with values EC₅₀ of 0.46μM and 0.15 μM, respectively^[4]. In Vitro: Tizoxanide (TIZ) induces mild mitochondrial uncoupling and activate AMPK in hepatocytes^[1].
Tizoxanide (TIZ) inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in HCV replicon systems^[3]. In Vivo: Tizoxanide (TIZ) (10 mg/kg; i.v.) can pass the BBB and distribute to the brain tissue. Tizoxanide retains in brain is obviously longer than that in plasma^[2].