Swertiamarin

Swertiamarin is an orally active natural product with hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, anti-rheumatic, and antioxidant activities. Swertiamarin can regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP, and NF-κB, and promote osteoblast proliferation. Swertiamarin has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride induced rat liver toxicity through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Swertiamarin can attenuate inflammatory mediators by regulating JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis rats. Swertiamarin can be used in the research of diabetes and arthritis^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.
In Vitro:Swertiamarin (10-50 μg/mL, 48 h) can regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP, and NF-κB and promote the proliferation of osteoblasts^[3].
Swertiamarin promotes 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through its active metabolite gentianine, and induces PPAR-g, GLUT-4 and adiponectin mRNA expression, thus having anti diabetes activity^[5].
In Vivo:Swertiamarin (50, 75 mg/kg; once daily; 7 days; p.o.) has a lipid-lowering effect in hypercholesterolemic rats^[1].
Swertiamarin (100, 200 mg/kg; once daily; 8 weeks; i.g.) has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride induced rat hepatotoxicity through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway^[2].
Swertiamarin (2, 5, 10 mg/kg; once daily; 2 weeks; p.o.) prevents bone erosion in arthritis rats by regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling transduction^[3].
Swertiamarin (2, 5, 10 mg/kg; once daily; 2 weeks; p.o.) attenuates inflammatory mediators by regulating NF - κ B/I, κ B, and JAK2/STAT3 transcription factors in adjuvant induced arthritis rats^[4].