AG-1478 (hydrochloride)

AG-1478 hydrochloride (Tyrphostin AG-1478 hydrochloride) is a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 3 nM. AG-1478 hydrochloride has antiviral effects against HCV and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro: AG-1478 (AG1478) is irreversible for growth regulation of human lung (A549) and prostate (DU145) cancer cell lines, cultured in chemically defined DMEM/F12 medium. AG-1478 seems to be more effective at lower concentrations, but is unable to completely inhibit growth of A549 cells^[1]. Inhibition of EGFR by specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG-1478 (AG1478) significantly decreases the angiotensin II-mediated synthesis of TGF-β and fibronectin by cardiac fibroblasts. EGFR is pharmacologically inhibited by small-molecule inhibitor AG-1478 with IC₅₀ of 4 nM^[2]. Both Polyfect (PF) and Superfect (SF) treatment lead to increased apoptosis in HEK 293 cells to a similar extent as assessed by flow cytometry. The antioxidant, tempol, significantly reduced dendrimer-mediated apoptosis for both PF and SF. AG-1478 (AG1478), at a 10-fold higher dose (100 μM) than used in signaling studies, is used as a positive control and significantly induced apoptosis in HEK 293 cells^[3]. In Vivo: Administration of AG-1478 (AG1478) significantly reduces myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and dysfunction in both two obese mouse models. ApoE^-/- mice are first fed with HFD for 8 weeks (ApoE-HFD), and then administrated with AG-1478 (10 mg/kg/day) or 542 (10 mg/kg/day) for another 8 weeks by oral gavage. AG-1478 or 542 treatment blocks HFD induced cardiac EGFR phosphorylation in vivo, without affecting the plasma level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total triglyceride (TG)^[2]. Administration of EGF (10 nM) leads to a robust and reproducible elevation in EGFR phosphorylation that can be blocked by AG-1478 (AG1478), a known inhibitor of EGFR phosphorylation. Increasing doses of Polyfect (PF) result in a significant reduction in EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation (p<0.05) but this is to a lesser extent than observed with AG1478^[3].