Protegrin-1

Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}. In Vitro:Protegrin-1 (2.5-12.5 μM; 24-72  h) inhibits dengue NS2B-NS3 serine protease and viral replication in MK2 cells^[1].
Protegrin-1 (1-9 μM; 16 h) promotes the migration of IPEC-J2 cells^[2].
Protegrin-1 (>100 μM; 24 h) reduces the viability of 661W and PMN cells^[3].
Protegrin-1 (0.1-10 μg/mL; 24 h) inhibits porcine ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis from Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress via the PERK/eIF2a/CHOP signaling pathway^[5].
Protegrin-1 shows antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM^[6].
Protegrin-1 (1.25-20 μM) inhibits LPS-induced activation of RAW macrophages, inhibiting the NO production^[6].
In Vivo:Protegrin-1 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.; single) reduces the mortality of immunocompetent mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus^[7].
Protegrin-1 (5 mg/kg; i.v.; single) reduces the mortality of mice inoculated intravenously with Staphylococcus aureus^[7].
Protegrin-1 (10 mg/kg; p.o.) reduces Citrobacter rodentium intestinal infection in mice as evidenced by reduced histopathologic change in the colon, prevention of body weight loss, milder clinical signs of disease^[8].