Bathophenanthroline

Bathophenanthroline is a nitrogen-containing organic ligand that can form stable complexes with transition metal ions such as Ru²⁺. In proteomics, Bathophenanthroline is often used for in-gel protein staining. The negatively charged sulfonic acid groups of Bathophenanthroline interact electrostatically with the positively charged amino acid residues of proteins, thereby achieving specific binding to proteins and enhancing the fluorescent signal of detection. Bathophenanthroline can be used for protein separation and detection in SDS-PAGE gels in the field of proteomics, as well as other fluorescence studies[1]. Ex/Em=532 nm/610 nm[1]. In Vitro:In SDS-PAGE gel staining experiments, heteroligand ruthenium(II) complexes containing bathophenanthroline (BP) and bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS) shows higher sensitivity than SYPRO Ruby for protein detection at near-neutral pH and reduces artificial post-translational modifications^[1].

PROTOCOL^[1]:
1. Fix gels in 7% acetic acid/10% ethanol.
2. Stain overnight with 0.5-1 mg/L Ru(BPS)₂(BP) or Ru(BPS)(BP)₂ in acidic/neutral buffer, destained.
3. Scan for fluorescence at 532 nm excitation/610 nm emission.