Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium glycochenodeoxycholate) is a relatively toxic bile salt generated in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt inhibits Autophagosome formation and impairs lysosomal function by inhibiting lysosomal proteolysis and increasing lysosomal pH in human normal liver cells, leading to the Apoptosis of human hepatocyte cells. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt induces stemness and chemoresistance via activating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is promising for research in the field of cholestasis desease, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (0-100 μM, 6 h) significantly increases the amount of dead cells and decreases in LC3, ATG5 and BECN1 expression in human normal liver cells, leading to Autophagosome formation inhibition^[1].
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (5–500 μM, 24 h) exerts no induction or reduction of TGF-β mRNA expression in KMBC cells and LX-2 cells^[2].
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (200 μM, 24 h and 48 h) enhances stemness and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, suppressing the expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl10, Caspase 3, Caspase 4, Tp53, BAD) and increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bcl-xl and IL10)^[4].