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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate


CAS No. : 16561-29-8

(Synonyms: PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate)

16561-29-8
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Cat. No. : HY-18739
M.Wt: 616.83
Formula: C36H56O8
Purity: >98 %
Solubility: Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic);DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)
Introduction of 16561-29-8 :

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator[1][2]. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (Validated by MedChemExpress (MCE))[3][7]. IC50 & Target:EC50: 11.7 nM (PKC)[1] In Vitro:PMA (100, 200 ng/mL; 1-5 days) induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophage-like cells (THP-1 macrophages), characterized by changes in morphology (adherent macrophage-like phenotype), and increases cell surface expression of CD11b[3][5].
PMA (20 ng/mL, 36 h) inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1[7].
In Vivo:Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can be used to create models of ear edema[8][9].

1. Induction of Preventable Oedema at Ear[8]
Background
PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.
Specific Modeling Methods
Mice: Swiss mouse • Female • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 100 μg/mL in 20 μL (2 μg/ear) vehicle • single dose
Note
Inhibitory or reventable compounds' administration should be performed before modeling. Such as Hydroxyachillin, should be administered 1 h before PMA treatment.
Modeling Indicators
Appearance monitoring: The thickness difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Increased vascular permeability.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): Hydroxyachillin; Indomethacin (HY-14397)

2. Induction of Suppressible Oedema at Ear[9]
Background
PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.
Specific Modeling Methods
Rat: Wistar • male • adult with weight of 200-220 g
Mice: Swiss albino • male • 25-30 g
Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 2.5 μg in 20 μL vehicle • single dose
Note
Inhibitory compounds' administration should be conducted 4 h before mouse were killed.
Modeling Indicators
Appearance monitoring: The quality difference between the left and right ears increases significantly.
Indicator changes: Stimulate macrophages to produce superoxide anions.
Correlated Product(s): Carrageenan (HY-125474); Histamine (HY-B1204); Serotonin (HY-B1473A); Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (HY-101952)
Opposite Product(s): /

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