Neotame

Neotame is a derivative of Aspartame (HY-B0361) and is a flavor enhancer and low-caloric, non-nutritive, high-intensity artificial sweetener that is 7000-13,000 times sweeter than sugar. Neotame causes intestinal epithelial cell death at high concentrations. Neotame induces Apoptosis of Caco-2 cells^[1][2][3]. In Vitro: Neotame (100 μM and higher, 6-24 h) causes intestinal epithelial cell death at high concentrations and leak across the epithelial monolayer at lower concentrations (1-100 μM)^[3].
Neotame (0-1000 μM and higher, 6-24 h)-induced damage to the intestinal epithelium in vitro, both barrier disruption and cell death via apoptosis, is mediated by the sweet taste receptor, T1R3^[3] .
Neotame (0-100 μM, 24 h) reduces Claudin 3 expression observed at Caco-2 cell surface^[3] .
In Vivo: Neotame (0.75 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 4 weeks) consumption perturbs the diversities as well as the community compositions of gut microbiome and alters metabolite profiles in fecal samples of male CD-1 mice^[1].