Kukoamine B

Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with K_d values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Kukoamine B (5-20 μM, 2 h) increases cell viability, and prevents plasma membrane from damaging in SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Kukoamine B (5-20 μM, 2 h) attenuates H₂O₂-induced Apoptosis and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) loss in SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Kukoamine B (5-20 μM, 2 h) demonstrates anti-oxidative stress effects by modulating the MAPKs and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells^[2].
Kukoamine B (10-20 μM, 3 days) increases osteoblast differentiation and the mineralized nodule formation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells^[3].
Kukoamine B (50-200 μM, 12 h) is a dual inhibitor of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced TNF-a and IL-6 release from RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages^[4].
Kukoamine B (50-200 μM, 12 h) down-regulates two receptors (TLR4 and TLR9) and two important enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) mRNA expressions upregulated by LPS and CpG DNA in RAW 264.7cells^[4].
Kukoamine B (0-200 μM, 30min-2 h) inhibits IkB-a and p38 phosphorylation and NF-kB activation induced by LPS and CpG DNA in RAW 264.7cells ^[4].
In Vivo:Kukoamine B (20, 50 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 9 weeks) reduces inflammation and blood glucose without body weight gain or liver mass increase^[1].
Kukoamine B (2, 5 mg/kg, p.o., daily, 12 weeks) demonstrates the anti-osteoporotic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) mice^[3].
Kukoamine B (1.25-60 mg/kg, i.v., only one injection or very 8 h for 3 days) protects mice challenged with E. coli and reduces the circulatory levels of LPS and TNF-a in sepsis model mice^[4].