Acenocoumarol

Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant that functions as a Vitamin K antagonist. Acenocoumarol inhibits MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway, reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, activates Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Acenocoumarol induces apoptosis in cell A549, arrests cell cycle at S phase^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:Acenocoumarol (30-500 μM, 24 h) inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2, inhibits the expression of NO, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS (HY-D1056)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell^[1].
Acenocoumarol (10-60 μM, 72 h) reduces the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2 in αMSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cell, blocks melanin synthesis through PKA/JNK inhibition and Akt/GSK3β activation^[2].
Acenocoumarol (0-100 μM, 24 h) exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cell A549 and IMR-90 with IC₅₀ of 28.75 μM and 74.11 μM^[4].
In Vivo:Acenocoumarol (50-150 µg/kg, po, once daily for 14 days) alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute pancreatitis in Wistar rats models^[3].
Acenocoumarol (0.2 mg/kg, po, once daily for 21 days) inhibits tumor growth, reduces cellular infiltration and inflammation in tumor tissues in A549-Xenograft mouse models^[4].