Quinestrol

Quinestrol is an orally effective synthetic estrogen compound that acts on CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and GnRH. Quinestrol interferes with GnRH release and disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Quinestrol downregulates the gene expression of follicle-stimulating hormone β and luteinizing hormone β, induces oxidative stress, damages reproductive organs, reduces sperm density and motility, increases sperm malformation rate, and alters the levels of sex hormones such as testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone. Quinestrol can be used in studies related to reproductive function regulation^[1][2][3][4]. In Vivo:Quinestrol (50 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 4 days) increases courtship ultrasonic vocalization rate and harmonic syllable proportion in male Swiss mice, making them more attractive to female Swiss mice, while leaving syllable structure and male overt copulatory behavior unchanged^[1].
Quinestrol (4 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 3 days, repeated 25 days later for another 3 days) effectively alters reproductive organ weights, steroid hormone levels, and total hepatic and renal CYP3A4/CYP1A2 content in female Mongolian gerbils, with most metabolic effects reversing by 15 days post-treatment while uterine weight and serum progesterone levels remain elevated^[2].
Quinestrol (200 μg; p.o.; every 15 days; up to 210 days) with prolonged oral administration to female rats significantly increases liver weight at all time points, reduces serum cholesterol at 38-42 days and 218-222 days, and reduces bile flow, serum BSP concentration, and bile BSP concentration only at 38-42 days (with these latter effects tending toward control levels after 30 days), with no effect on key hepatic enzymes or bilirubin levels^[3].
Quinestrol (1.0-5.0 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; 3 consecutive days) suppresses male mouse reproductive capacity in a dose-dependent manner, with higher doses (5.0 mg/kg) inducing greater reductions in reproductive organ weight, sperm density, and testosterone levels at 10 days, while effects partially recover by 30 days^[4].
Quinestrol (1.0-5.0 mg/kg combined with 0.4-2.0 mg/kg Ketoconazole (HY-B0105); p.o.; sequential gavages 30 minutes apart, once daily; 3 consecutive days) co-administered with ketoconazole enhances reproductive suppression in male Mus musculus^[4].