D-JNKI-1

D-JNKI-1 (AM-111) is a highly potent and cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of JNK. In Vitro: D-JNKI-1 (AM-111; 1 μM-1 mM) treatment prevents apoptosis and loss of neomycin-exposed hair cells^[1]. In Vivo: D-JNKI-1 (AM-111; 10 μM) prevents nearly all hair cell death and permanent hearing loss induced by neomycin ototoxicity in the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea. Local delivery of D-JNKI-1 also prevents acoustic trauma-induced permanent hearing loss in a dose-dependent manner^[1]. D-JNKI-1 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reverses these pathological events in the brain mitochondria of the rat and almost completely abolishes cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage^[2]. D-JNKI-1 (1 μg/kg, s.c.) results in a significant decrease in the disease activity index, and reduces the expression of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells in mice^[3].