Dornase alfa

Dornase alfa (rhDNase) is a recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) that can specifically degrade extracellular DNA. Dornase alfa catalyzes the cleavage of DNA released by neutrophils in respiratory mucus, reduces sputum viscosity, thereby improving mucus clearance efficiency, reducing airway obstruction and alleviating inflammatory responses. Dornase alfa can be used to improve lung function (such as FEV_1) in cystic fibrosis (CF), reduce the risk of acute pulmonary exacerbations, and has good in vivo tolerability. Dornase alfa acts locally on the respiratory tract through aerosol inhalation, specifically improving the high viscosity of mucus caused by DNA accumulation and related respiratory symptoms^[1][2][3][4]. In Vitro:In vitro enzyme activity assays of Dornase alfa (2.5 mg/2.5 mL; nebulized) showed that after treatment with different types of nebulizers (spray type, static type, and vibration type), there was no significant loss of enzyme activity, and the protein structure remained intact without aggregation or degradation^[3]. In Vivo:Dornase alfa (2.5 mg/2.5 mL; nebulized inhalation; single dose) in a mouse model showed that the PARI BOY SX-red nozzle delivered the highest amount of drug to the lungs after aerosolization using different nebulizers (jet-type PARI BOY SX-red/blue nozzle, static mesh NE-U150, and vibrating mesh NE-SM1), with a median aerosol particle size (Dv₅₀) of 2.5-3.0 μm, without significant loss of drug enzyme activity and intact protein structure^[3].
Dornase alfa can reduce the number of tumor metastases in a mouse B16 melanoma model and change the cfDNA pattern in serum^[4].